I remember being interviewed by Sheridan Voysey around 15 years ago and being asked how my perception of God had changed as I had aged. My immediate short snappy response was that ‘he has got nicer as I have got older.’
Yeah – of course there is much more to that story than God simply lifting his game – and much of it relates to my own maturing as a person – but I definitely came to know a more gracious, kind and loving God than I had grown up with.
So what happened? If there was any subject more complicated to get a handle on then surely it must be that of understanding who God is and how he works in the world. And yet it’s the one thing that matters so much to us – particularly if we are people of faith.
And in one sense we could say ‘it’s easy to know who God is – just read the Bible!’ Clearly that isn’t the answer as the conclusions people have arrived at just from scripture are often different and at times polarised.
Some see God as angry and vengeful and can find scripture to support this claim, while others would suggest that anger is not a quality we should ever attribute to God. That really does make it tough…
And part of our challenge is that the Bible isn’t our only source when forming our theology. If I remember correctly then the influences that help us form our theology are:
Scripture – we would say it is the primary one, but we must admit that as Scot McKnight has said, ‘we are always interpreting‘ and sometimes it is less ‘primary’ than it should be when it doesn’t suit our inclinations.
Tradition – 22 centuries of church history have surely helped us crystalise a few things. Over the years we have come to agree on some core truths, but there is still significant debate and discussion around many theological ideas.
Experience – My understanding of God is definitely shaped by my experience of him – or by what I interpret to be an experience of God. Over the last few years I have been writing down all of my ‘God moments’, firstly so I don’t lose them, but secondly so I can reflect on what I see there. I imagine we all read scripture thru the lens of our own experiences.
Reason – If we are always interpreting scripture, then we are doing so with our minds, seeking to make sense of things – to understand the story more fully and accurately. Reason is also applied to experience and tradition. Reason allows us to move beyond flat readings of the Bible, appreciating the different genres and forms the books take. Reason tells us we need to read Revelation differently to James and reason also helps us know that while James and Leviticus are both full of instructions, they need to be applied very differently.
Culture – Some would argue that culture shouldn’t shape theology but the simple reality is that it does. An obvious case in more recent history is the modern / post-modern way cultural shift. While the modern approach was to nail everything down, the post-modern approach was to throw everything up in the air. A post-modern culture has a much harder time with nailing hard propositional truths, whereas moderns liked to have ‘5 points’ (preferably all beginning with the same letter). We could ask whether the shift to an egalitarian view of women in ministry is down to biblical reasoning or whether it is a response to the equal opportunity culture around us. (In this case I sense ‘secular culture’ has helped us to regain what is actually present in the biblical story.)
So that’s a lot of preamble, to ponder before we even get to discussing what God is like – but it’s important for us to frame our thinking and to acknowledge the different factors that actually form our theology. When someone says to me I just ‘preach what is plain in the Bible,’ I can’t help but think ‘plain to who’?
And where would you start in the Bible anyway if you were going to try and frame who God is and what he’s like? If we begin in the Old testament and read chronologically then we see a particular type of God depicted – probably one that reflected their understanding of a divine being at the time. But then as we come to the New Testament we see a somewhat different God presented.
In my own thinking I have found that the most helpful place to start is in John 1 with the incarnation. In the beginning was the word… and the word was with what God and the word was God…’ Then verse 14 goes on to say, ‘The Word became flesh and made his dwelling among us. We have seen his glory, the glory of the one and only Son, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth.’
Hebrews 1:3 speaks of Jesus and says: ‘The Son is the radiance of God’s glory and the exact representation of his being, sustaining all things by his powerful word.’
Colossians 1:15 says very simply, ‘The son is the image of the invisible God.’
We could go on and rattle thru a few more ‘proofs’ of Jesus as the means by which we can know God, but suffice to say this is a critical starting point. Jesus is our best depiction of God. As a result I side with those theologians who argue that we should read all scripture thru the lens of Jesus. I can’t remember who said it, (maybe Greg Boyd or Brad Jersak) but I liked the phrase: ‘If you can’t attribute it to Jesus then neither can you attribute it to God.‘
If we read the entire the Bible thru the lens of Jesus then it obviously influences how we approach some of those difficult Old Testament passages on violence.
Then there is the question of what we mean by the words we use.
God is ‘love‘… right?…
Except that now we have to describe and define what we mean by love.
I was listening to Thomas Ord speaking to the idea that God is ‘amipotent’, his ‘invented word’ to describe God as all loving, but not all powerful. Ord feels this is a much better depiction of who God really is, because as he says, true love is never controlling therefore if God is fully love then he cannot have control over any of his creation (‘even the ants’, Ord would say.) I listened to him as i was curious about this idea. Sam’s death has challenged me to revisit some core stuff and ponder again how I see things. But I couldn’t come at the idea that true love exerts no control. As a parent I would be utterly un-loving if I chose not to exert control over my small children – to insist they eat their meals, play safely and obey what I say to them. In fact there are places where the exertion of control is to show love.
So I can’t roll with a God who has no control whatsoever over his creation. I can accept (again a McKnight idea) self limiting sovereignty – a God who chooses to give freedom in many areas, but who is executing a bigger plan and sometimes intervening in this world as he chooses. My mate Ryan gave what I thought was a helpful albeit simple way of seeing this God in church one day. Ryan spoke of owning his own home, but giving his children a room in the home that was theirs and within that room they had a large degree of autonomy – to keep it tidy or messy, to paint the walls or cover them in wallpaper and so on. But at any time he could also intervene to bring change that was in their best interests. It’s not a perfect analogy but it is helpful to me in understanding how God works in this world.
So God is love.
We agree on that, but we may not agree on what we mean by that… Complicated hey?
Then we sometimes speak of God as ‘all knowing’. Psalms say that he has numbered the hairs on our head. Really? God is in the business of counting hair? I doubt it, but it serves a figurative way of describing God’s omniscience. Again though, we have to ask what we mean by that… Does God know every detail of the past and future? Does he know every choice I am about to make today? Again we have a couple of different perspectives on this question. Some who would argue that God has pre-ordained absolutely everything, but the mystery is that somehow we still operate with free will. While others would argue that God knows the broad scope of the future, but he hasn’t set human choices in stone, otherwise we would simply be operating with an illusion of free will.
So if you’ve read this far you may well be wondering how on earth we can know anything truly and surely. After 60 years of life and 45 or so following Jesus I find that it is a curious blend of those 5 elements / influences I mentioned before, as well as Jesus at the centre of my thinking that helps me to understand and know God and to live at peace with the mysteries that I can’t resolve. To be blunt and open, this does not guarantee that my conclusions are always going to be accurate and true – but then that is simple reality for all of us. Let’s at least acknowledge it.
So perhaps some questions that arise out of this ramble are;
Who is the God you know?
What is he like?
On what do you base this knowledge?
How do you know your perception is accurate?
How has your own perception of God changed over the years?
I’d suggest that if our theology doesn’t ever shift or get challenged, then we really aren’t grappling with the realities of life and where God fits into them.